URBAN DEVELOPEMENT

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 Problems of Urbanization 


Urban India 

Ground water depletion: excessive and illegal extraction of ground water by unauthorized water plants, factories including misuse of ground water by vehicle washing plants. For example, in urban segment of Ghaziabad in 2020 the ground water depleted by 6.55 metres below ground water level from post monsoon period of 2016 to post monsoon period of 2020, as cmpared to an average decline of 3.8 metres below ground Water level in rural areas.

In 2016 after monsoon ground water was available at a depth of 22.7 metres, and after years in 2020 the ground water level was available at the depth of 29.25 metres in urban areas.

While, in rual areas of Ghaziabad, it was avaliable at a depth of 8.05 metres in 2016 after monsoon and depleted to 11.85 metres in 2020 after monsoon period. 

Causes: 

  1. High-rise building construction 
  2. Road construction 
  3. Excessive water extraction 
  4. Illegal use of water
  5. Lack of ground water recharge 
  6. Destruction of ponds and ditches 
  7. Over concreting 
  8. Land coverage through bricks, bituminous roads and cementization
  9. Afforestation 
  10. Submersible pump and reboring 
Remedies:  
Catch the rain  rurban campaign  
 Theme - "catch the rain where falls, when it falls" 

  1. Revivals of water bodies: ponds and rivers are being revived to store more water to recharge the ground al large scale 
  2. Rain water harvesting:  rain water harvesting are being promoted as a compulsory measures to store the rain water during monsoon period to recharge the ground.  
  3. Construction of artificial recharge structures 
  4. Construction of chek dams
  5. Rejuvenation of wetland 

Reference 

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1727191

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