IASmanti⁵⁰

Topic-  upsc GS-3 paper    prelims   Basics of Cyber security       challenges to internal security. ONLINE DATA SHARING SECURITY CHIP Department of electronics and communication engineering of Indian Institute of information Technology (IIIT) Alahabad, has designed a random number chip, which will be used for data security and encryption. The chip will be useful in automatically and effectively encrypting and decrypting data being transmitted through e- ways using devices like laptops, mobile phones, desktop on tablets, there by, preventing any unauthorised person from being able to intrude upon it.  This indigenously developed chip is more advanced than ones being used in most smart devices today, will also be cheaper than imported ones being used. The chip prevents being hacked and data theft.      What are encryption and decryption? In simple terms, to obtain secure communication, the data ( original information is often called ...

 It was decided in 2013 by the United Nations General Assembly on the request of Food and Agriculture organizations ( FAO) to focus on the importance of healthy soil and advocating for sustainable management of soil.  Theme for 2021 is  " Halt soil salinization, boost soil productivity " Source link - https://www.fao.org/world-soil-day/about-wsd/en/

Topic          energy conservation  Prelims   NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION AWARD (NECA): it is given to the energy intensive units of various sectors of economy for their exceptional achievements in reducing the specific energy consumption. It is provided by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency ( BEE). Aim: to encourage and recognize the endeavours of industrial units and institutions in reducing energy consumption by felicitating award every year on 14th December. NATIOANAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY INNOVATION AWARD (NEEIA): It is a newly announced award in 2021, to recognise the " innovative energy efficient technology and to develop sense competition for energy efficient technology innovation.  Both awards will be felicitated on 14th December, on the occasion of National Energy Conservation Day. 

    Topic -Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak   freedom fighter   Indian freedom movement   Prelims          GS1 mains      GS4 main   Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born  in Maharashtra in 1856and become graduate from the Bombay university. His leadership role started since graduation and devoted his entire life for the freedom of India. He played an important role in the first phase of Indian National Movement some of them are given below- In 1880s - he helped in founding new English school called Fergusson College. He published two newspapers in different language Maharatta  in English & Kesari in Marathi language In1889, he edited Kesari, to encourage people to become courageous, self- reliant, and selfless fighters for India's  freedom. In 1893 , he started using traditional religious Ganapati Festivals to propagate nationalists ideas through songs and speeches. In 1895, he s...

Topic.    International Agreement   Prelims               GS2   AUKUS  It is trilateral defence alliance/ security cooperation of three countries, namely Australia, UK and the US signed in September 2021, to form AUKUS to confront strategic tensions in the Pacific where China and US rivalry is growing.  Source- Hindustan Times  Challenges :   China muscular assertiveness in South China Sea  Rejection of of United nations Convention on the law of the sea ( UNCLOS) by People's Liberation Army (PLA). China's interpretation of historical claims over disputed water by advancing navy unilateral flexing. Aims : It aimed at advancing the interest of the US, Britain and Australia and upholding international rules based order while promoting peace and stability in the Indopacific.  Ensuring international waters are always international waters and international skies are international skies and that the rules of l...

Topic.          Constitution of India      History of India           Prelims              Samvidhan Diwas (26th November) The constitution assembly was setup in 1994 for drafting the constitution of India. The drafted constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 by the constituent assembly. In 2015, on the occasion of 125th birth anniversary of B.R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee of constitution, the union government declared November 26th as Samvidhan Diwas or constitution day.  Constitution of India is a sacred document and everyone should be fully committed to its ideals  It imposes sacred duty upon all the organs of the state to be sensitive to the hopes and aspirations of the citizens. India is a federal democracy. It has 3 organs- the judiciary, legislature and executive. It establish social, economic democracy and political democracy. India is a parl...

 Topic.      Human resources                    Prelims               GS2 mains Vision : to cultivate one million children in India as neoteric  innovators.  It is India's a flagship scheme initiative of the  NITI Aayog. It is a workspace where young minds give shape to their ideas and learn skills through hands-on do-it yourself mode. Young children get chance to work with tools and equipment to understand the concept of STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering and Math). Aim : To foster curiosity, imagination and creativity in young minds simultaneously culcating skills such as design mind set,computational thinking, adoptive learning, physical computing etc.

Topics -     Modern  Indian history     religious movement     mains paper GS 1 Paramhans Mandali In Maharastra, in 1940, religious reform was begun by this mandali which aim was to fight against caste system and  idolatry.  Lokhit Wadi- In this respect Lokhit wadi was written by the Gopal Hari  Deshmukh in Marathi language to p attack on Hindu orthodoxy, and preached religious and social equality.    Prarthana Samaj The powerful leaders of this movement was R.G.Bhandarkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade.  It was influenced by Brahmo Samaj.  It preached worship of one God.  It wanted to free religion from caste orthodoxy and priestly dominant.  Read More》》 Brahmo Samaj 

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha  It was organized by Justice Ranade and others in 1870 in Poona ( Maharastra).  Indian Association Of Calcutta   It was founded by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose in July 1876 in Calcutta, West Bengal. Many branches of it were opened in villages and many other towns outside Bengal. Low membership fee was to attract poorer classes.  Surendra nath Banerjea was India's first Indian Civil service officer who became political leader. Madras Mahajan Sabha It was organized in 1884, in Madras ( now Chennai) Tamilnadu by M. Viraraghavachari, G Subramanyam Iyer, Ananda Charlu and others.  Bombay Presidency Sabha This Sabha was organised in 1885,  Bombay ( now Mumbai,Maharastra)  Pherozashah Mehta, K.T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji and others.

Topic      pharmaceutical sector industry    prelims                 GS2 mains What is National Digital Drug Database? It is a comprehensive, online, centralised drug databank consolidating real time data,on active pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in country, therapeutic class wise/ formulation wise approved branded/ unbranded products along with their manufacturing and marketing entities, may be created and maintained and made accessible to regulators, industry, physicians and consumers. Benefits:  It will address information asymmetry It will provide important inputs in mapping the regulatory needs in different states Information gaps on grants of licences, inspection and prosecution for non compliance, among others, could be bridged through real time data, that could be published on a central online portal. Issues : CCI conducted study on pharmaceutical sector: study found that in market brand competition ov...

Topic     water pollution          contemporary issues related to ecology  prelims            G3 mains  Water Pollution  Currently  India faces both water quality and water availability challenges   surface and groundwater pollution are rampant in the country.  GROUND WATER POLUTION  Ground water is the main source of drinking water. Therefore, any contamination of ground water is a major concern for health security.  There are two major source of ground water contamination/ Pollution. Geogenic source : this is natural occurrence of under ground rock formation which is responsible for Iron,  Arsenic and Fluoride contamination in ground water. When the contamination crosses the permissible limit of these contents becomes hazardous for health.  Permissible limit of :   Arsenic: 0.01 mg per litre  Fluoride: 1.5 mg per litre  Fluoride affected stat...

Topic -       achievements of Indian scientists and their use in daily lives   Science and technology  Prelims         mains GS2 paper   6Bio  It is a drug compound ( 6- BromoIndirubin - 3-Oxime) developed by the Indian scientists to treat the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/ intellectual disorder (ID). Symptoms of intellectual disorder  Short term memory loss  Sleep issues  Difficulty in doing daily activities  Leaning issues  This has been proved to restore memory, learning and neuronal functions.  Source  https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1772641

Topic  :          constitution of India   Part 1V of constitution of India mandates to central government under "Directive Principles of State policy "  Article 44  Mandates that " State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India "  Issues  Interfaith marriage : Allahabad High Court directed the marriage registrar/ officer to register the marriage without awaiting/ insisting approval of district authority. And also directed the central government to consider the constitution of a committee/ commission for implementing mandates of Article 44. The court said, marriage officers cannot refuse to register a duly solemnized marriage.  And, or insist on a conversation of district authority.  Read more 》》 Article 21 Article 93

  Topic.        Indian policy       Prelims  Question hours   It is question hours about one and half hour period during which member of house asks questions pertaining to administration and government activities and concern minister answer those questions. Answer can be given in two ways that are oral answer and written answer.  There is four types of question  Starred question ( green colour) Unstarred question ( white colour) Short notice question ( light pink) Question addressed to private members ( yellow) Starred question It is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the house and which distinguished by an asterisk mark. When a question is answered orally, supplementary question can be asked thereon. Only 20 question can be listed for oral answer on a day.  Unstarred question   It is that which is not called for an oral answer in house and on which no supplementary question can consequently be asked...

Topic       prelims  THE INDIAN ANTARCHTIC PROGRAMME It is a programme of scientific research about Antarctic continent. It was began in 1981 and has completed 40 scientific expedition at Antarctic white continent. India has built 3 permanent base station in Antarctica. And Today Maitri and Bharati are fully operated. Dakshin Gangotri  ( 1983) Maitri ( 1988) Bharati ( 2012) National Centre For Polar and Ocean research ( NCPOR), Goa is an autonomous institute under the ministry of earth and science which manage the entire Indian Antarctic Programme. 41st scientific expedition: India has successfully launched 41st scientific expedition to Antarctic with 23 scientists and support staffs which has two major programme : Geological Exploration: of the Amery ice shelf at Bharati station. It will help explore the link between India and Antarctic in the past. Reconnaissance survey and predatory works: for drilling of 500metre of ice core near the Maitri station. It ...

  Topic.   Indian Economy  Inclusive Growth         investment models                       Gs-3             Gs2 paper  It was launched by the Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi on 11th November 2021 to give an online plateform to consumers for filing complaint regarding deficiency in services rendered by the entity regulated by the RBI free of cost. It is an integrated improved grievance redressal mechanism. It has subsumed all existing redressal mechanism to make a single redressal mechanism all over  India as "one nation one ombudsman system". Integrated ombudsman scheme seeks to merge all other ombudsman schemes making it a one nation one ombudsman system for the entire financial sector  The banking ombudsman scheme 2006, the ombudsman scheme for non banking financial companies 2018, and the ombudsman scheme for the digital transect...

Topic.   Indian Economy  Inclusive Growth.       investment models                       Gs-3 paper            Gs2 paper  The scheme allows retail investors/individuals to invest in government securities/ bonds of Rs 74 lakh crores directly through bank account With RBI. It was launched by the Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi on 11th November 2021. Vision - Financial inclusion for inclusive growth  Aim :  To bring middle class employees, senior citizens, small businesses men and othe common man to invest in government securities directly and securely by easing/ simplifying reach to government bonds.  Promotion of foreign and domestic investments  Salient features   Retail participants can open bank accounts( retail direct  gilt account ) with RBI free of cost through on line link https://rbiretaildirect.org.in/   Retail part...

Topic                                      Prelims                                          Freedom fighters and their contribution    Janjatiya Gaurava Diwas (Tribal Pride Day) Government of India has been decided to celebrate 15 November, the birth anniversary of freedom fighter Sri Bhagwan Birsa Munda of Freedom struggle, every year as  Janjatiya Gaurav Day to honour the contribution of the tribal community to the nation.  It was decided by the government  of India on 10th November, 2021. Birthday: 15 November 1875 Death: 9 June 1900. The day, 15 November, is the birth anniversary of Sri Birsa Munda, who is referred as "Bhagwan" by tribal communities across country.  It was launched in the year of 146 birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.  Birsa Munda fough...

Topic                                      GS 2 mains   Issue relating to Development and management of Social sector/ Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources Issues: village lacks hospitals hospitals at block levels lacks testing facilities districts hospitals lacks facilities for treatment of critical and serious diseases Big hospitals have long pending queue and patients have to wait shortcoming of healthcare infrastructure Shortage of doctors nurses and other health workres Lacks of medical colleges Research and training facilities according to WHO and Public Health Foundation of India  India produces only 13 new medical  graduates ( doctors and nurses)  per annum per 1000 persons compared with 55 in developed countries; more than 30% of doctors and 50% nurses are not part of workforce; India has nurse and doctors ratio  1.7:1 from recommended 3:1....

 Topic                          Issue related to health                    Prelims         Mains GS2  Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? It refers to cholesterol deposits or plaques causing blockage of in the arteries supplying oxygenated blood to the heart . When suddenly blood clots develops in partially blocked arteries the blood supply to heart stops and a life threatening situation of a heart attack occurs often manifesting pain in chest in youths. Either heart beating stops or becomes faster extremely uncoordinated this termed as Cardiac arrest. Impacts:  1) High pain in heart                   2) Sudden death What are leading factors of CAD? Smoking Diabetes High blood pressure Tobacco ingestion obesity excessive stress Un healthy life style What to do: Moderate exercise blood p...