Ntional Health Mission: Ayushman Bharat Yojana, Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission

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Topic                                      GS 2 mains
 
Issue relating to Development and management of Social sector/ Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources


Issues:
  • village lacks hospitals
  • hospitals at block levels lacks testing facilities
  • districts hospitals lacks facilities for treatment of critical and serious diseases
  • Big hospitals have long pending queue and patients have to wait
  • shortcoming of healthcare infrastructure
  • Shortage of doctors nurses and other health workres
  • Lacks of medical colleges
  • Research and training facilities
  • according to WHO and Public Health Foundation of India 
    • India produces only 13 new medical  graduates ( doctors and nurses)  per annum per 1000 persons compared with 55 in developed countries;
    • more than 30% of doctors and 50% nurses are not part of workforce;
    • India has nurse and doctors ratio  1.7:1 from recommended 3:1.
    • lacks of tertiary health care services

Vision: 
  • Accessible,  Affordable and High quality healthcare
  •  universal health coverage
Schemes: 
  •  Ayushman Bharat PMJAY
  • Ayushman Bharat Health and Welness Centre
  • Ayushman Bharat Digital mission 
  • Prime Minister Ayushman Bharat health infrastructure mission 

Ayushman Bharat Yojana 

It is a flagship scheme of Government of India launched in 2017 to achieve the vision of universal health coverage and to meet sustainable development goal with commitment "leave no one behind"
Aim
To historically address the healthcare system covering prevention, promotion ambulatory care at primary, secondary and tertiary levels.
Features : It has two interrelated component schemes: 
  • Health and Wellness centres 
  • PM Jan Arogya Yojana
  1. Health and Wellness Centres : was launched in February 2018 for creation of 1,50,000 health and wellness centres across India by  transforming the old subcentres and primary health centres with aims
    • to deliver comprehensive primary health care services 
    • to bring healthcare services closer to the homes of the people
    • Features: it covers both maternal and child health services and non communicable diseases.
    • provides essential free drugs and diagnostics services.
  2. PM Jan Arogya Yojana( PM JAY):  This scheme was launched on 23 September 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by PM. It is the largest health assurance scheme of the world which aims to provide a health cover of 
    • 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation to cover over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families.
    • the households included are based on the deprivation and occupational criteria of socioeconomic  caste census 2011 for rural and urban areas respectively
    • Key features:
      • 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation across public and private hospitals in India
      • over 10.74 crores poor and vulnerable entitled families are eligible for the benefits
      • it provides cashless access to healthcare services for the beneficiary at hospitals
      • it covers upto 3 days pre hospitalization and 15 days post hospitalisation expenses such as diagnostic and medicines.
      • there is no restriction on family size
      • benefits are portable across the country
      • services: approximately 1,393 services are included :
        •  3 dayspre hospitalisation
        •  15 days post hospitalisation
        • consultaions
        • free medicines
        • food services 
        • diagnostics
        • medical examinations
        • treatments
        • surgeon charges
        • OT and ICU charges
      • Eligibility criteria:



Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission: 

Scope : 130 crores Indians have Aadhaar numbers, 180 crore mobile subscribes and about 80 crores internet users gives ample opportunities for becoming digital in field of healthcare. 
 
Aim-
  • Creation of seamless online platform such as 
    • Arogya Setu
    • E- sanjivani
  • Interoperability within the digital health ecosystem 
  • Telemedicine
  • Paperless healthcare system
  • To improve medical tourism through medical visa
Benefits: 
  • Digital health ID : every citizen will now get a digital health ID and their health record digitally will be protected.

PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission: 

 It is a Pan- India scheme launched by the Indian Prime minister Sri Nagendra Modi on 25 October from his  parliamentary constituency  at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh for strengthening and improving  health infrastructure of the country with aim to fight against future pandemics with an outlay of 64000 crores to remove healthcare shortcomings. Under this mission, health and wellness centres are being opened in villages and cities.

Aim: 
  • To prepare to prevent and deal with future pandemics.
  • To create an entire ecosystem of for health services from treatment to critical research will be created in every corner of the country.
  • Medical colleges for generating human resources and 
There are three aspects :
  1. Creation of elaborate facilities for diagnostics and treatments:
    •  Health and wellness centres: To open health and wellness centres in villages and cities to provide:
      • early detection of diseases;
      • free medical consultation; 
      • free tests; 
      • free medicines will be availed at these centres through a network of 29000 health and wellness centres. 
    • Serious illness treatment facility, 35000 new critical care related beds are being added in 600 districts of the country.
    • Referral facilities : 125 cities will be setup as referral medical facilities9 transforming patients from one healthcare facility to other) in the country. 
  2. The testing network for diagnostics of diseases: 
    • a total 730 districts of the country would get integrated  public health labs units;
    • 3000 block would get block public health units
    • Five regional national centres for disease control
    • 20 metropolitan units.
  3. Expansion of existing research institution:
    • the existing 80 viral diagnostics and research labs will be strengthened
    • 15 Biosafety level 3  labs will be operationalised  
    • 4 new national institutes of virology and one national institute for one health will be established
    • IT- enabled disease surveillance system
One District One Medical College:  

PM inaugurated 9 medical college in Uttar Pradesh  under the one district one medical college, these all are located in various districts of Uttar Pradesh with total bed capacity2500 will serve for the people of Purvanchal with an aim to generate doctors/paramedics, create employment.
  1. Mirzapur
  2. Fatehpur
  3. Hardoi
  4. Etah
  5. Deoria
  6. Ghazipur
  7. Jaunpur
  8. Pratapgarh
  9. Siddharthanagar
note- Now Uttar Pradesh will have total 30 medical colleges.























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