IASmanti⁵⁰

Topic         Rural Tourism      Tourism and Ecotourism   Prelims             GS1 paper  Pochampally Village and Ikat style of Sarees The Pochampally village of Nalgonda district of Telangana state has been selected as "The Best Tourism Village" by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation ( UNWTO) for the year 2021, (in Madrid Spain on 2nd December award was given ) , for its unique style of weaving sarees called Ikat. It is also referred as Silk city of India for its exquisite sarees. Pochampally is known for its exquisite sarees that are woven through a unique style called Ikat. This style Pochampally Ikat received Geographical Indication in 2004. Pochampally is also known as Bhoodan Pochampally to commemorate the Bhoodan Movement that  was launched by " Acharya Vinobha Bhave" from this village om April 18th 1951. Ikat is a Malasian and Indonesian word which means "Tie and Die"  The bes...

Topic      pharmaceutical sector industry    prelims                 GS2 mains What is National Digital Drug Database? It is a comprehensive, online, centralised drug databank consolidating real time data,on active pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in country, therapeutic class wise/ formulation wise approved branded/ unbranded products along with their manufacturing and marketing entities, may be created and maintained and made accessible to regulators, industry, physicians and consumers. Benefits:  It will address information asymmetry It will provide important inputs in mapping the regulatory needs in different states Information gaps on grants of licences, inspection and prosecution for non compliance, among others, could be bridged through real time data, that could be published on a central online portal. Issues : CCI conducted study on pharmaceutical sector: study found that in market brand competition ov...

Topic     water pollution          contemporary issues related to ecology  prelims            G3 mains  Water Pollution  Currently  India faces both water quality and water availability challenges   surface and groundwater pollution are rampant in the country.  GROUND WATER POLUTION  Ground water is the main source of drinking water. Therefore, any contamination of ground water is a major concern for health security.  There are two major source of ground water contamination/ Pollution. Geogenic source : this is natural occurrence of under ground rock formation which is responsible for Iron,  Arsenic and Fluoride contamination in ground water. When the contamination crosses the permissible limit of these contents becomes hazardous for health.  Permissible limit of :   Arsenic: 0.01 mg per litre  Fluoride: 1.5 mg per litre  Fluoride affected stat...

Topic          Cotton Industry                          Food processing and related  Industries in India    Prelims          GS 3 mains       Geography of India              Significance:  Cotton is one of the most important cash crops and play a major role in sustaining livelihood of around 58 lakh cotton farmers and 400 to 500 lakh people engaged in related activities such as cotton processing and trade. Government of India appoints Cotton Corporation of India as central nodal agency and is mandated to undertake MSP in cotton. MSP for cotton is Rs. 6025 per quintal. 15.000 Cotton Corporation of India (CCI)  procures cotton from farmers at fixed MSP and protect them from distress selling below MSP. MSP ensures farmer cotton selling security and keep them produce Cotton. CCI keeps its infrastr...

Topic  Wildlife     ecotourism   prelims           GS3 mains       Geograpgy of India   DUDHAWA TIGER RESERVE ( DTR) Dudhawa Tiger Reserve is an ecotourism place and is situated in the Lakhimpur district of Uttar Pradesh State of India, in the region of Terai of The Himalayas that spread over an area of 227 square kilometer. It opens every years in  the month of November. Dudhawa national park has  around:  Fauna  ( Wildlife animals):  105 Royal Bengal Tigers;  42 one-horned rhinoceros : it is protected under the wild life ( protection ) act 1972 in the section of Mammals; 400 avian species; 5 species of deer - Swamp deer or Barasingha : it is state animal of Uttar Pradesh which has 12 number antlers including branched, lives mostly on Marsh land and belongs to the Schedule 1, in Mammals  of the Wildlife act 1972. Sambhar : the largest Indian deer has six pointed antlers. It belong...

Topic-    wildlife conservation   Flora and fauna     wildlife resources   Prelims   GS1 mains   Geography of India   Issues related to wildlife : there are few things that poses life threats to wildlife.  Illegal mining  Illegal construction  Illegal deforestation  Animal trafficking  Poaching of wildlife  Electrocution to protect crops from animal posing life threats  Man animal conflict  Territory conflict amongst animal  Chief wildlife warden The act states that ' chief wildlife warden of the state, if he is satisfied that any wild animal specified in schedule 1 has become dangerous to human life or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, by order in writing and stating the reason, therefore, permit any person to hunt such animal or cause such animal to be hunted.' Chief wildlife warden,  through the invocation of clause 11 (1) of the wildlife protection act 1972, can declare ...

Topic-  Conservation of flora & fauna                                       Geographical features                                                                          wildlife resources           JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK It was established in 1936 as Hailey national park after Malcolm Hailey, the governor of the then Uttar Pradesh province. After independence, it was renamed as Ramganga National Park in 1994-55 as the river Ramganga flows through it. In the following year ( means in the next year 1995-56), it was renamed as Corbett Tiger Reserve after hunter and writer Edward Jim Corbett. Features:  the reserve is spread over 520 square-kilometre. river Ramganga f...

Topic-               prelims   tourism and Eco tourism  Paper GS 1     tourism industry      astro tourism   Astro-visit through telescope  Source: Hindustan Times  What is Astro-village? A village which is being use to see the sky, stars, planets and others in nights through telescope is known as Astro-village.  Takula Astro village in kumaon region of Uttarakhand state being developed as a tourist place for night visit of celestial bodies as astrological point of view to attract tourist to see stars, planets, night sky with the help of telescope. This  Takula village is located at an elevation of 1, 958  meters above mean sea level at Bhimtal block in Nainital district .   The village will provide a clear and mesmerizing view of the night sky for the visitors for whom glass house and Cafe also being developed.  The telescope to be installed by the district departmen...

 

Topic-  Indigenous  new technology        energy     achievement in S& T mains GS-3 paper       energy resource               geography of India environmental pollution   Methanol production in India This technology is developed by Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited and is India`s first Indigenous technology under the India`s coal gasification technology as clean technology under self reliance India mission. The first pilot plant is installed in Hyderabad. Capacity:   This technology create 0.25 ton per day methanol from high ash Indian coal using 1.2 ton per day fluidized bed gasifier. Methanol purity from crude methanol is between 98% to 99%. Challenges before India regarding methanol production: India has abundant amount of high ash coal reserves but have no technology for production of methanol from it. Worldwide majorly methanol production is derived from natural gas, ...

Topics -    Panchayati raj and decentralised planning                                                              transparency and accountability e -governance-applications       mains paper -GS 2 it was launched on the Panchayati raj day 24 April 2020 by the Prime minister Sri Narendra Modi to make rural India digitised self reliant and smart village in the era of technology. e-Gram Swaraj Portal and App helps in to prepare and execute gram panchayat development plan  ensures real time monitoring and and accountability with transparency. it is a digitization of gram panchayat. it helps to spread transparency and held gram accountable plan and fund availability can be judged from the portal. it makes rural people empowered. progress of gram panchayat activities. links https://egramswaraj.gov.in/ eGr...

  Topic -  wildlife and their conservation   prelims     mains paper GS3 The cheetah was declared extinct in India in 1952. The supreme court on January 28, 2020, approved the introduction of the African cheetah in India on an experimental basis. The wildlife institute of India in collaboration with the wildlife trust of India assessed potential sites and recommended KUNO PALPUR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, MADHYA PRADESH. In the first phase , 12 tom 15 cheetah are likely to arrive later this year or early in 2022 but over the next five years 40 to 50 are likely to reintroduced by the National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA). IUCN approved the introduction of cheetah proposed by wildlife trust of India. Where from will be introduced cheetah in India? cheetahs will be introduce in India from Namibia and South Africa into the Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. What are required to introduce cheetahs in India? India needs to see first if they are able to kill the...

Topic       Mains paper GS-2         Issues related to poverty and hunger  "Nothing is more dreadfully painful than poverty "   sage poet Tiruvallur. "Poverty gives rise to sorrow and hunger is the worst of disease"  -  the Buddha    Sustainable Development Goals 1: no poverty  Sustainable Development Goals 2: zero hunger  Issues :  Malnutrition in India India ranks 94th among 107 countries on the global hunger index , which classifies the country having a serious level of hunger. Global hunger index is based on four component indicators: Undernourishment: the share of the population that is undernourished. Child wasting : the share of children under the age of five that are wasted means their weight is lower in comparison to their ages. Child stunting: the share of children under the age of five years who are stunted, means the child has lower height in comparison of age. Child mortality: the mort...

Topic: ecological issues  GS-3PAPER, GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA  CCRI The children climate risk index is an annual index produced by the UNESCO to rank the countries based on the risk posed by the climate crisis on the health, lifestyle, livelihood, habitation in the form of flooding, droughts, erosion, pollution,  heatwave, ,cyclone, landslides etc. CCRI report 2021 states that in 33 countries of  world children's are in "extremely high risk" including four South east Asia countries.  Serious deprivation faced by children due to the intensifying effect that climate and environmental shocks have on existing inadequate access to such as water, sanitation, health-care, education.  Extremely high risk countries of sought east Asia are ranked: 14th- Pakistan  15th- Bangladesh  25th-Afghanistan  26th- India  India's neighbour's ranks are: 51st- Nepal  61st- Sri Lanka 111st- Bhutan  India: 600 million Indians will face acute water shortages...

Topic: GS-3 paper-    infrastructure development  Geography- integrated rural development     Panchayati raj and decentralised planning Greater Noida authority has started smart village programme in 14 village in phased manner with fund of Rs 150 crore.  The villages are given below: Maincha Chapraula  Sadullapur Tilpatakaranwas Gharbra  Cheerasi  Ladpura  Aminabad  Sirsa  Ghanghola  Astauli  Jalpura  Chipiyana  Khurd-Tigdi  Ysufpur Chak Shahberi  Aim : To develop these villages with proper amenities and infrastructure that are available in urban areas. Phase 1 : Civic infrastructure will be provided such as sewer line improvement and construction,  drainage, roads, water supply, streetlight, etc. Phase 2 : The  second stage of project entails improving public infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, communications centres, community toilet, besides beautification of ponds, creation o...

Indian Pangolins : are found in gautam buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh which is protected under the Wildlife protection act 1972 in schedule 1. Pangolins are among the most trafficked animal. Ants being its primary prey, the tongue of a pangolin is longer than its body to help it catch as many as 20,000 ants per day. The species is threatened due toits scale made of keratin-- much like human nails. Schedule 1 : it gives the highest level of protection to animal.  Noida has 3 protected animal in schedule 1: Spotted deer (cheetal) Blackbuck  Indian pangolin  Noida has other animal:such as Bengal fox Sahi Wild boar 

 topic-         mineral resources  India and abroad  Gold ore reserves India currently  is 501.83 million tonnes with 654.74 tonnes of gold metal.  Of its 17.22 million tonnes were placed under reserves category  Remaining 484.61 million tonnes under resources category  In India the primary gold ore resources are located in: Bihar- 44 % : it is endowed with 222.885 tones ( 44%) of ore containing 37.6 tonnes gold metal. These resources are categorised under UN framework Classification ( UNFC).  UNFC code 333- (128.885 million tonnes containing 21.6 tonnes metal) UNFC code 334 - ( 94 million tonnes containing 16 tonnes metal) Rajasthan- 25% Karnataka-21% West Bengal - 3% Andhra-pradesh-3% Jharkhand 2% Remaining 2% gold ore  are located in Chhattisgarh,  Kerala, Maharasra, Madhya pradesh,  Tamilnadu.  Note-    Gold are found in: Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie in Australian Desert  Jahansburg, Sou...

Topic - deforestations   environmental awareness  climate change    global warming    environmental pollution  paper GS3 mains Forest conservation measures   Afforestation: it means plantation of tree at large scale at a small or large area like green sohara afforestation campaign. Green Sohra Afforestation campaign in cherrapunji  Meghalaya launched for the Plantation for multilevel Plantation by the home Minister amit shah 25 July 2021. Long medium small, medical importance with a Slogan "evergreen northeast". Aims : To cease climate change and global warming.  For  border security purposes.  To reduce carbon emissions. To sink carbon. Fight against global warming.  To boost eco-tourism. To meet Paris agreement.  To fill the gap created by Deforestation such for the fuel and agricultural purposes.  Save forest Save life campaign : Almora district's women have pledged not to cut broad leaves trees and it...

Topic- Upsc GS 2nd paper, Water Resources, river linking  Challenges related to water availability  India has 4% of the world’s water resources which supports 17% world’s population and 20% of world’s livestock population. Per capita water availability India is 1545 metre cube per year as per 2011 census. This makes India a water stressed country.  Note-  Water stressed country : if per capita water availability is less than 1700 meter cube per year the country becomes water stressed country  Water scarce country: if per capita water availability is is less than 1100 metre cube per year the country becomes water scarce country.  Poor water quality                 Water Resources Management   Central ground water board is implementing national equifer mapping and Management programs which envisages mapping of equifer their characterisation  and development of equifer Management plan of ground water Reso...