ICC ( INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT)

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Topic-  prelims  GS 2nd paper 

 international organizations and its mandates 


 ICC investigate and where warranted,  tries individual charged with gravest crimes of concern to the international community: Genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and aggregation.

It headquarters is in the Hague, the Netherland 

The ICC is the world's first permanent international criminal court, which was established by an international treaty call the Rome statute in 1998. 

Mandates: The court is participating in a global fight to end impunity and through international criminal justice the courts aims to hold those responsible accountable for their crimes and to help prevent these crimes from happening again. 

Sustainable Development Goals 16: peace, justice, and strong institution and building more peaceful and more justice world. 

"Justice is a key prerequisite for lasting  peace"

 It came in effect on 2002 and is supported by the 120 countries. It is governed by the Rome statute. The Rome statute established 3 bodies:

  1. Assembly of state parties: one state represents one representative with one vote and meet once each year at the The Hague or at the UNSC headquarters in New York. 
  2. International criminal court  ( ICC) that contains 4 organs: presidency, judicial division, OTP  and Registry 
  3. Trust fund for victims ( TFV)
The Rome statute lists out the crimes under the jurisdiction of ICC and court procedures  for investigation in that criminal court of crimes as are given below:

The ICC crime are categorises in 4 heads :
    • Genocide : mass killing, serious bodily or mental harm etcetera.
    • War crimes : murder ,rape, sexual slavery, deportation or forcible transfer of population, attack against humanitarian missions etc.
    • Crimes against humanity : inhuman acts, prosecution,  rape etc.
    • Aggression :  use of armed force by the state against the sovereignty,  integrity and independence of another state 
Procedure of investigation are as follows:
    • Preliminary examination 
    • Investigation 
    • Pre trial stage 
    • Trail stage 
    • Appeals stage 
    • Enforcement of sentence 
Key features:
    • Fight against impunity
    • Two  way dialogue 
    • Participants are protected both victims and witnesses 
    • Victims voices are hread
    • Defendants rights are upheld. 
Note : 
  • it does not have its own Police force or enforcement authority 
  • It is not an organization of UNO but the court is in cooperation with the UNO through agreement. 

Why is it in news? 

It is in news because the Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro is a accused of the " crime against humanity" for his alleged role in the destruction of the Amazon rain forest that lead from  the Deforestation to loss of life. Planet warming green house gas emissions from burning and industrial scale agriculture in Amazon are higher than the the total annual emissions of Italy or Spain. Deforestation in the region already releases more CO2 than the rest of the Amazon can absorb. His administration actions is directly connected to the negative impacts of climate change around the world. He is responsible for approximately 4000 square km of lost rainforest each year. 











https://www.icc-cpi.int/

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