What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) ?

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Topic                                 Science and technology        

                                                     Prelims                             

In Vitro Fertilisation

IVF stands for the in vitro fertilisation which is an assistant reproductive technology(ART). IVF is the process of fertilisation by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining eggs and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo is then transferred to the uterus.

There are five basic steps in IVF and embryo transformation 

  1. Fertility Medication / ovaries Stimulation: for IVF there are need of more eggs but commonly in a month ovary generate one egg so that there is need to stimulate the process of egg formation in ovary, for this, to enhance egg production drugs are used that may be injection or medicine or both. 
  2. Egg retrieval: it is a process of egg extraction from the ovary by the expert doctors with great care by taking help of special instruments and drugs.
  3. The sperm: it is a sample of sperm taken from the husband for his wife eggs. There are two situation one if male thinking of fresh sperm, the male counterpart need to provide a fresh sperm sample in the morning at the time of egg retrieval and second if one wants to use frozen egg, then expert store it in a lab.
  4. Fertilisation: The eggs and sperm are mixed in the lab then eggs and sperm identify each other and fertilised successfully as similar in the body of female. Eggs fertilised by the X chromosome becomes female and those fertilised by sperm that do not have an X- chromosome becomes male.
  5. Development of embryo: If the sperm fertilises the eggs it becomes an embryo and doctors put the embryo into where the condition for growth and development are perfect. When eggs fertilised by sperm, it is known as an embryo and scientist put the embryo inside a particular incubator ( Test Tube) where the change of growth and development are favourable.
  6.  Transfer of Embryo   : The developed embryos are now prepared to insert into uterus. The process of embryo pacing hardly takes five minutes  and is an effortless process but needs great expertise as it is very sensitive and complicated.
Why IVF is in news? 

India has now produced a Banni buffalo calf in Gujarat by the help of IVF technology and there is hope that it will improve cattle wealth in the country.





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