Biosensor and Karnal Bunt

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Topic        Biotechnology   

e-technology aid to farmer 

       achievement of Indian scientists  

Prelims.          Mains GS-3 PAPER 

Wheat  crop failure 

Issues:
  • Karnal bunt is a fungal  seed borne disease affecting the wheat( wheat is main cereal crop of India) crop at the early stages of development 
  • Tilletia Indica is a fungal pathogen causing this Karnal bunt disease in wheat seeds. 
  • This problem is mainly distributed in northwest India and the central region. Where winter and high humidity dominate. 
  • This fungus is also found in germplasm of wheat.
  • Infection leads to crops damage and is difficult to identify and leads to a major infection of wheat crops. 
  • It is very difficult to eradicate teliospores of this fungus from the soils as it remains viable for years. Due to this ,there are high yield losses, using susceptible seeds and quality is also affected. 
  • Karnal bunt has become a barrier in wheat export market and is called biological weapon.
Solution 

Biosensor: it is a sensor made of using photosynthetic algae Diatoms capable of early and on the spot  detection of this pathogens ( Tilletia Indica) right when the seeds are in warehouse, thereby preventing sowing of infected seeds. 
This device has used a nano sized microorganisms diatom collected from different sites of Mirzapur areas such Windom fall, Tanda fall, and Devdari fall. 
Diatoms are very valuable due to their 3D silica based nanostructure  and large surface area. Hence it is used to prepare our immuno Biosensor. This microcantilever based Biosensor can help to enhance the sensitivity of the current Biosensor to detect the fungal pathogens in less than Nanogram concentration. 
It is a silica based immuno Bio-sensor using diatom for fungal pathogen detection.
It is developed by the scientists of Allahabad University. 

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