Algae

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 Algae are chlorophyll- bearing, simple, thalloid  autotrophic and largely aquatic ( both fresh and marine) organisms. 

Features :

  • Rich in protein. 
  • They are found in a variety of habitats such marine water, fresh water, on moist stones, soils, and woods.
  • Algae with fungi in symbiotic relationship formed lichens. 
  • Algae also occurs in association with animals. 
  • They are autotrophic means they make their food from photosynthesis action. 
  • Algae may be single celled or diatom
  • They are unicellular, multicellular, colonial and filamentous. 
Example of Algae are:
  • Green algae 
  • Brown algae 
  • Red algae 
Why are important algae?

  • About half of the total CO2 fixation on Earth is carried out by algae through the process of Photosynthesis and release oxygen in their surroundings environment such as in water bodies oxygen dissolved are contributed by them. It means it reduces the CO2 from atmosphere and fixes it to plant algal. 
  • They are primary producers of energy rich compounds.
  • They are basic food( such as  sargassum,  laminaria,  porphyra ) for aquatic animal.
  • Chlorella a unicellular alga rich in protein is used as food supplement even by space travelers. 
  • Some algae are used to grow microbes, making ice cream and jellies. 
  • Brown algae ( algin) and Red algae ( cartagena) produced large amounts of hydrocollides ( water holding substances) and are used fir Comercial purposes. 
Green algae: belongs to the chlorophyceae group which contains pigments Chlorophyll that gives grass green color due to dominance of this.
  • Green algae have usually a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of cellulose and a out layer of pectose. 
  • Some algae store food in the form of oil droplets. 
  • They ( green algae plants) may be unicellular, colonial and filamentous. 
  • Their  habitats are freshwater, marine and brackish water.

Brown algae : they are members of Phaeophyceae are found in marine habitats 
  • They are simple branch and filamentous forms and may be long 100 metres called kelps. 
  • They possess pigments, chlorophyll, carotenoid and xanthophyll. 
  • They vary in color from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon the amount of the xanthophyll pigment.
  • The habitats of brown algae are fresh water, brackish water and salt water. 
  • Food is stored as complex carbohydrates.
  • Example: sargassum( a brown seaweed characterized by a bushy form), dicyota, fucus and laminaria.
Red algae are members of Rhodophyceae commonly called red algae because of predominance of red pigment r-phycoeythrin in their body.
  • In warm water areas red algae are found in great concentration 
  • Found in great depth of ocean where little light penitrate.
  • Mostly are multi cellular.
  • Food is stored as starch. 


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