IASmanti⁵⁰

Topic-  science and technology  GS-3PAPER                        Lucy Mission   It is a space mission of National Aeronautics Space Authorities (NASA), the United States of America, to probe the Trojans asteroids of Jupiter and was launch on 16th October 2021. Total eight steroids are targeted one is from main steroid belt and seven from Trojans steroids of Jupiter. This mission is launched for a period of 12 years steroids' information gathering.  Lucy Mission is a 12 year expedition to study a record number of asteroids. It is the first to explore the Trojans, thousands of rocky objects orbiting the sun in two swarms - one ahead of the path of giant gas planet Jupiter and one behind it. There is a hope   that Lucy's close-up fly-by of seven Trojans will yield new clues to how the solar system's planets came to formed some 4.5 billion years ago and what shaped their present configuration....

Topic - Intellectual property rights       Prelims       GS2 paper  GI Tag India has been on GI granting spree since 2003 and has registered more than 380 items. More than half of them are food products of domestic consumption  GI  is a good start to build a narrative,  the idea that something is special because it comes from this region, with this kind of soil, climate, water, community and farming style.  GI tag is sign denoting a specific geographical origin and posses qualities or a reputation that are due to origin. It is a form of Intellectual property rights(IPR) is distinct from other forms of IPR as it ascribes the exclusivity to the community in a defined geography rather than to an Individual, as in the cases of trademark and patents. It can be issued for agricultural, natural, or manufactured goods that have a unique quality, reputation or other characteristics attributable to its geographical origin. GI refers to indic...

Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) has developed a solution named 'Pusa' that can decompose crop residue into manure by accelerating the decomposition process. This bio- decomposer is basically a liquid formulation. The solution, when sprayed in the fields, can decompose crop residue and turns it into manure. The solution increases soil fertility and reduce the use of fertilizers. These agents act on the straw to make it soft and plough-able, break down its molecular components and release the nutrients into the field. A special mix of microbes in the decomposer can be apply on any kind of organic biomass. In the process it turns rice stubble into fluffy manure. What is stubble burning? There are two kinds of wastes after harvesting: one is the straw left behind after threshing and taking out grain. And the second is the stubble which is left attached to the ground after harvesting. The burning of both of them is broadly termed as stubble burning. Burning paddy stra...

Blue planet prize is an award given to hydropower project every year by the 'International Hydropower Association" to those who perform in a way of sustainable development based on the  framework of "hydropower sustainability assessment protocol". This year ( 2021) is awarded to the NHPC` 510 MW Teesta -V power station located  on the Teesta river in the Himalayan state of Sikkim in India. for its international best practices in six areas and worked at best in 20 criteria including Governance. project benefit Public health cultural heritage erosion sedimentation  asset reliability and efficiency International Hydropower Association is a London based non-profit association and membership association operating in 120 countries  for sustainable development of power generation. It works with international association, institutes, civil society etc. The hydro power sustainability assessment protocol is the leading international tool for measuring the sustainability of hy...

Topic -        GS-3 mains paper    intellectual property rights         economic development        GII 2021  Global Innovation Index is an annual index launched by the World Intellectual property organisation (WIPO) - it was setup in 1967. WIPO is an agency of UNO which has 193 member countries and self funded under UNO.  Since its inception in 2007 GII has shaped the innovation measurements, agenda and become a cornerstone of economic policy making. This index comprises 81 indicators including measures , knowledge creation , education, infrastructure present of 132 countries.  Top ten ranked economy in GII -2021 are : Switzerland  Sweden The US The UK Republic of Korea Netherland Finland  Singapore  Denmark Germany. France  ChinaB6 Japan Hong Kong  India: It is ranked at 46th place in GII 2021 ( there is an improvement for  two steps in ranking from last year) It w...

  Topic   -                    issue related to environmental pollution                      soil erosion                environmental degradation                            desertification  

 Topic -                  e governance                             information sharing and transparency in government        functioning of judiciary     mains paper GS 2

  Topics -     Modern  Indian history     religious movement     mains paper GS 1 It is a societal component of Brahmoism, which began as monotheistic ( believe in one ) reformist movement of the Hindu religion. It was founded by the Ram Mohan Roy on 28 August 1828 Culcutta British India. It is practised today mainly as the Adi Dharma. Ram Mohan Ray Ram Mohan Ray was the first awakened great Indian leader and social thinker dedicated his life for his people and country and worked hard to change the society, religious illness, and for  intellectual development and political upliftment of people. He was deeply pained by the caste system of the society and corrupt priests. He was scholar who possessed great skill in languages he knew dozens of languages like Sanskrit  Persian, Arabic English, French,Latin, Greek and Hebrew.  He has studied Hindu philosophy and Quran etc. Raja ram Mohan Ray possessed great love and respect for the ...

 

Topic-  Indigenous  new technology        energy     achievement in S& T mains GS-3 paper       energy resource               geography of India environmental pollution   Methanol production in India This technology is developed by Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited and is India`s first Indigenous technology under the India`s coal gasification technology as clean technology under self reliance India mission. The first pilot plant is installed in Hyderabad. Capacity:   This technology create 0.25 ton per day methanol from high ash Indian coal using 1.2 ton per day fluidized bed gasifier. Methanol purity from crude methanol is between 98% to 99%. Challenges before India regarding methanol production: India has abundant amount of high ash coal reserves but have no technology for production of methanol from it. Worldwide majorly methanol production is derived from natural gas, ...

Topics -    Panchayati raj and decentralised planning                                                              transparency and accountability e -governance-applications       mains paper -GS 2 it was launched on the Panchayati raj day 24 April 2020 by the Prime minister Sri Narendra Modi to make rural India digitised self reliant and smart village in the era of technology. e-Gram Swaraj Portal and App helps in to prepare and execute gram panchayat development plan  ensures real time monitoring and and accountability with transparency. it is a digitization of gram panchayat. it helps to spread transparency and held gram accountable plan and fund availability can be judged from the portal. it makes rural people empowered. progress of gram panchayat activities. links https://egramswaraj.gov.in/ eGr...

Faroe islands is in the north of the Atlantic ocean to the north west of the shetland island. It is exist above the 60 degree north latitude and between 0 to 30 degree west longitude. It is famous for 400 years old tradition of killing of whales for meat and bubbler. Recently, 1,428 dolphins have been killed by the islander into shallow water. There is large number of whales and dolphins such as the white sided dolphins and pilot whales which are not endangered species are being killed annually in the name of tradition.

  Topic -  wildlife and their conservation   prelims     mains paper GS3 The cheetah was declared extinct in India in 1952. The supreme court on January 28, 2020, approved the introduction of the African cheetah in India on an experimental basis. The wildlife institute of India in collaboration with the wildlife trust of India assessed potential sites and recommended KUNO PALPUR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, MADHYA PRADESH. In the first phase , 12 tom 15 cheetah are likely to arrive later this year or early in 2022 but over the next five years 40 to 50 are likely to reintroduced by the National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA). IUCN approved the introduction of cheetah proposed by wildlife trust of India. Where from will be introduced cheetah in India? cheetahs will be introduce in India from Namibia and South Africa into the Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. What are required to introduce cheetahs in India? India needs to see first if they are able to kill the...

Topic - inclusive growth and issue arising from it   paper GS3 mains               The reserve bank of India introduced a financial inclusion index to capture the extent of financial inclusion across the country. FII includes the details of banking, investment, insurance, postal, and pension sectors. It capture information on various aspects of financial inclusion in a single value ranging between 0 to 100, where  0 = represents complete financial exclusion  100= represents complete financial inclusion  The index comprises the 3 broad parameters: Access - weight 35% Usage - weight 45% Quality- weight 20% The Index is responsive to ease of access availability, usage of services and quality of services comprising in all 97 indicators. A unique features of the index is the quality parameter - which capture of financial inclusion as reflected by financial literacy, consumer protection, inequalities and deficiency in services....

 topic :  Science and technology- development and applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science and technology; indigenization of technology and and developing ney technology mains paper  GS 2 Unbreathe Life It is a plant/ small tree  based smart indoor air purifier technology developed by the IIT Ropar of world first such technology that amplifies the air purification process in the indoor spaces.The indoor spaces can be hospitals schools, offices, homes. Characteristics : the technology works through the air purifying natural leaf plant . the room air interacts with leaves and goes to the soil root zone where maximum pollutants are purified. breathing roots exponentially amplify the Phyto-remediation is a process by which plants effectively removes pollutants from the air. the 'Unbreathe Life' effectively improves indoor air quality by removing particulates, gaseous, biological contaiminants while increasing Oxygen level in the indoor...

Topic- Indian economy , growth , development .   mains paper  - GS 3

Topic - social security :      mains paper - GS 2    welfare schemes for vulnerable population of society              social sector services         human resources What  is e-shram? It is a portal launched by the ministry of labour and employment to make a national database about unorganised labour/workers in the country to facilitate better implementation of various social security schemes for the welfare of all unorganised workers of the country.  What is database? Data means set of information and base means here is foundation on which government policy decision rests. this data act as a base for decision making? Features of this portal: it provides  a digital/electronic " e-shram card " on registration with a unique " universal account number" (UAN) which will allow him/her to access the benefit of the various social security scheme through this card across the country and will aid the...

Topic- science and technology   Blue straggler is a class of stars on open or globular cluster that stand out as they are bigger and bluer than the rest of the stars. These are formed from the collision of two stars and the interaction of more than 2 stars  Source: Twitter    Reference  https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.01396

Topic       Mains paper GS-2         Issues related to poverty and hunger  "Nothing is more dreadfully painful than poverty "   sage poet Tiruvallur. "Poverty gives rise to sorrow and hunger is the worst of disease"  -  the Buddha    Sustainable Development Goals 1: no poverty  Sustainable Development Goals 2: zero hunger  Issues :  Malnutrition in India India ranks 94th among 107 countries on the global hunger index , which classifies the country having a serious level of hunger. Global hunger index is based on four component indicators: Undernourishment: the share of the population that is undernourished. Child wasting : the share of children under the age of five that are wasted means their weight is lower in comparison to their ages. Child stunting: the share of children under the age of five years who are stunted, means the child has lower height in comparison of age. Child mortality: the mort...

APY The scheme was launched in 2015 in Kolkata by  Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi to provide a guaranteed pension to vulnerable/ senior citizens of the country at old age for their ease of living, healthy and happy life.  Eligibility :  Subscriber should be at the age between 18 to 40 years.  A saving bank account must be in post office or in bank. Spouse details and nominee must be provided.  Contribution can be done through auto debit at monthly or quarterly or half yearly basis.  Persons belonged to unorganized sectors are eligible for this scheme. Person who is paying income tax is not eligible for this scheme.  Benefits :  The scheme will provide guaranteed pension after aged 60 of the subscribers. On death of subscriber pension will be provided to the spouse of the subscriber. On the demise of both subscriber and the spouse the money accumulated will be paid to the nominee at aged 60. Pension money will vary between 1000 to 5000 per month ...