IASmanti⁵⁰

  Pt950 is a stamp on the platinum jewellery on each piece to assure 95% purity with a tamper proof quality assurance card that distinguishes authentic platinum from other jewellery are provided by under the Platinum Guild India's quality assurance programmes. A unique identification number is also stamped on jewellery in addition to the detailed description of the piece you choose for yourself.  It is to ensure transparency and quality . This metal maintains its color through the passage of time, never losing shape and form. Provides 95% purity of white metal. It 30 times rarer than gold.   What is PGI? Platinum guild international is a marketing organization with a vision to develop the global platinum jewellery market as a new demand source for platinum.  It was formed in 1975 with specialized teams dedicated to growing the global platinum jewellery market through consumer and trade facing programmes in four key jewellery markets of China, India, Japan and USA....

  Topic - Subash Chandra Bose  freedom fighter   Indian freedom movement   Prelims         GS1 mains     GS4 main   Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose  Indian Civil Service officer (I.C.S ) He was born at 24 Pargana district in West Bengal on 23 January, 1869,  and his father name was Sri Janaki Nath who liked the English education so he admitted to all his sons in European School and then send to Europe for higher education.  Subhash passed his metric  and intermediate exam at Katak in Odisha and then got admitted in the Presidency college for B.A. in Calcutta and in 1918 after clearing his B.A., he was enrolled in For M.A in Scottish church college.  Once, in the search of spiritual teacher leaved his house without informing any one and went to Haridwar, Vrindavan, Kashi and Buddha Gaya and then return.  His friends, whenever calling him Sanyasi he was feeling great happiness.  His parents wanted to see...

  India's import from  Persian Gulf : pearls, raw silk, wool, dates, dried fruits, and rose water  Arabia : coffee, gold, drugs  honey. China : tea, sugar, porcelain, silk  Tibet : Musk, gold and woollen clothes  Singapore : tin  Indonesia : spices, perfumes, arrack, sugar Africa : ivory and drugs  Europe : woollen cloth, metal such as iron and lead and paper. India's export  Most important cotton textiles were famous all over world for their excellence. Raw silk, silk fabrics, hardware, indigo, saltpetre, opium, rice, wheat, sugar, pepper and spices, precious stones and drugs. India was a large scale manufacturer of cotton and silk fabrics, sugar, jute, dry-stuffs, mineral and metallic products like arms, metalware and saltpetre and oils.  The important centres of textile industry were in Bengal : Dacca and Murshidabad; Bihar : Patna; Gujarat : Surat  ,Ahmedabad, And Broach; Madhya Pradesh : Chanderi; Maharashtra : Burhanpur; Uttar...

  Human rights? Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviors and are regularly protected and promoted.  Such as fundamental rights " to which a person is inherently entitled simply because of being human being and which are " inherent in all human being regardless their age, ethnic origin, sex, race, language, location, religion etcetera.  They are applicable everywhere, every time to everyone in the sense of being universal and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same everyone.  Such as: Free speech  Right to Education  Right to food  Right to Life Right to expression  Right to fair trial  Prohibition of Genocide  Freedom of belief and religion  Women rights  LGBT rights  Rights of ethnic minority  Etcetera  The human rights was culminated in 1948, aftermath of Second World War and holocaust, in Paris, France  by the United Nations General Assembly through a...

 G20 MEETING  2021 Rome,  Italy G20 AFGHAN SUMMIT  Neither Xi jinping nor Bladimir Putin participated in  Afghan summit.  Afghanistan's dire need for humanitarian assistance.  Meeting in Italy October 2021. EU kick off £ one billion euro ($ 1.2 billion) aid to address the looming humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan. To avert a major and social economic collapse in Afghanistan. International aid has been blocked to Afghanistan since the Taliban returned to power following the withdrawal of US and Other international troops after 20 years of wars. The country's  assets held abroad have been frozen, while food prices and employment is rising, promoting warnings of a humanitarian disaster once winer arrives. About 80% of Afghanistan's economy is informal with women playing an overwhelming role and without them there is no way the Afghanistan economy and society will recover. International aid that accounted for 75% of the State spending.  The coun...

  Kalu Singh Mahra, popularly called Kalu Mahra, had taken part in the first Indian uprising against the British in 1857 along with his two other companions,Bishan Singh Karayat and Anand Singh Bharati of Kumaon region in Uttarakhand. Kallu Mahra was a first free freedom fighter and a leader of the uprising in the Kumaon region in 1857.  In the book " The freedom struggle of UP " Dr Ammar Rizvi mentioned the name of them for their contributions in freedom struggle in Kumaon.  Kallu Mahra and his companions became active in the Kumaon region against the British in the rebellion of 1857, after they recieved a cryptic letter from Nawab of Awadh to join the rebellion on the condition that after the success,  all hill part portion of Kumaon region will be given to Kallu Mahra and his companions while Kumaon plain will be kept with Rohilakhand. Rohilakhand was carved out at the foothill of the Himalayas between the Ganga and the Kumaon hills by the Ali Muhammad Khan with i...

  Topic-   Bilateral relationship of India  Mains GS-2  Russia is in 7 decades old ties with India, which is critical in the regional and global balance of power. India is also focusing on trade and investment opportunities in Russia's Far East  including in coal and diamonds and for meeting man power need. Two sides have increased the target for two way investments to $ 50 billion by 2025 as the earlier target of $ 30 billion had been achieved in 2018. Defense Cooperation: it is strengthened by co-development and co-production Defense agreements Brahmos aerospace is a joint venture of Indian and the Russian government for manufacturing Bramhos Missile S-400 Triumph Missile Systems: the delivery of the first squadron of air defense systems, which is part of a $ 5.4 billion contract with Russia for five squadron is expected to be completed soon. It is a potent system in terms of its operational capability provide continuous and effective air defence s...