IASmanti⁵⁰

Topic    -                                                      IndianHistory                          Prelims                                                                                                         GS 1 mains                    National Unity Day  ( Ekta Diwas ) ( 31 October ) 31 October   is the birth anniversary of Iron man Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.  Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was: The first Home Minister of independent India...

Lord Cornwallis the Governor General of India came in 1786. And, he had introduced Indian Civil Service to prevent corruption and increased the salaries of the official of East India company. He did not permitted to Indians to hold any Higher services including Civil services as he believed that Indians were corrupt. In 1800, Lord Wallesley established the college of Fort William at Culcutta for the education of young recruits to Civil service. In 1853, by the Charter Act, it was proposed to select the Civil service officials through the Competitive examination which were earlier selected by the board of directors of company.  Indian Civil service became gradully world’s most precious, powerful, the highest salaried, efficient post.

 It is located at thissur district in kerala It is 1.6 km long. It is two tube tunnel. It have total 6 lane.  Kuthiran gradient is situated in the kuthiran hills situated in the western part of anaimalai hills.  Passing through peechi- vahana wildlife sanctuary.

  Algae are chlorophyll- bearing, simple, thalloid  autotrophic and largely aquatic ( both fresh and marine) organisms.  Features : Rich in protein.  They are found in a variety of habitats such marine water, fresh water, on moist stones, soils, and woods. Algae with fungi in symbiotic relationship formed lichens.  Algae also occurs in association with animals.  They are autotrophic means they make their food from photosynthesis action.  Algae may be single celled or diatom They are unicellular, multicellular, colonial and filamentous.  Example of Algae are: Green algae  Brown algae  Red algae  Why are important algae? About half of the total CO2 fixation on Earth is carried out by algae through the process of Photosynthesis and release oxygen in their surroundings environment such as in water bodies oxygen dissolved are contributed by them. It means it reduces the CO2 from atmosphere and fixes it to plant algal.  They are pri...

  Topic            Fundamental rights                              Prelims                               GS-2 mains                      Constitution of India                             Article 21   (Protection of life and personal liberty ) Clause : no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure stablished by law  Part 3rd of constitution of India  Under fundamental rights (12 to 35) Right to Privacy: it is a fundamental right protected within the constitution of India under the Article 21 as personal liberty which is part of life and personal liberty. Live in relationships : Allahabad high court has said that " live ...

Topic            B ilateral Relationship  GS-3PAPER                                           PRELIMS   ASEAN India Summit  India and Asean agreed to build on convergences in their vision of the Indo- Pacific to work for a free, open ,inclusive and rule based region against the backdrop of China's assertiveness.  Asean India joint statement on cooperation on the Asean outlook on the Indopacific for peace, stability and prosperity in the region.  The Joint statement seeks to build on maritime connectivity between India and Asean states and work done by the two sides they became summit level partners in 2002 and strategic partners in 2012. It embraces Asean centrality, openness, transparency, a rule based framework, respect for sovereignty, non intervention and respect for international laws including the UN Convention on the ...

 Topic  :    Border security     drug trafficking    Prelims    What is Golden Triangle?  Golden triangle is a drug smuggling zone at the border of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand and Vietnam. Borders of these countries meet at the confluence of the Ruak and Mekong river . Most of the world’s herion come from the Golden triangle until the early 21st century when Afghanistan became largest producer. Illegal drugs trafficking includes Drugs, Heroine , Methamphetamine , opium , ketamine, Fentanyl etc.  Methamphetamine : a drug, cocain,:t involves such as acetone , anhydrous ammonia ( fertilizers), ether , red phosphorous , lithium , which is in toxic.  Fentanyl : is a synthetic opioid estimated to be 50 to 100 times more potent than Morphin and 30 to 50 times more powerful than Heroin . Why is Golden Triangle in news? Recently, Laotian police have netted Asia's biggest- ever single seizure of illegal drugs in northern Lao...

 Topic                Indian economy                     economic development     Issue related to planning                                   Prelims                      GS3 mains  What is Single Window Clearance system? A single window clearance is a common online application portal ( Online platform) where all types of approval are given by various ministries and department by a single click for various development projects for easing the doing business in India to improve the Ease of Doing Business environment by providing, no-objection  certificate(NOC), permission, licenses and environmental clearances etc for projects installation within the territory of India  . Aims : To enhance electronic Governance system....

It is a scientist- farmer partnership scheme launched in 2017 by the Department of Bio-technology for agricultural innovation with an objective to connect science laboratories with farmers to find out innovative solutions and technology to be applied at farm level. Kisan Biotech has been installed in different agro-climatic zones to strengthen and empower the krishi vigyan kendra with latest and innovative technology by linking them with national labs and institutions A total 36 Kisan Biotech haubs have been installed so far covering all 15 agro climatic zone. 15 are established in NER. Few are in Himalayan state like Jammu and Kashmir, Himanchal Pradesh,Uttarakhand, Ladakh,

  Topic  science and technology  Achievement of Indian scientists   Carbon pollution and solution    What is Photochemical process? Photochemical process is a reaction in which photon's energy( Solar energy) used as renewable energy resources in catalyst for chemical rection. Recently, Indian scientists has developed a new type of catalyst( micro- porous organic polymer)   that uses sunlight as source of energy to convert CO2 into methane as Value added products. CO2 passing through polymer inthe presence of sunlight and converted into  Methane  (CH4) Source: Pib.gov.in  Benefits of this catalyst: This catalyst is a micro- porous organic polymer that absorbs visible light to change CO2 into Methane.  This catalyst is organic, non toxic, metal free, cost effective. It has high production rate of Methane that has led to the Carbon capture.   Benefits of carbon to Methane production  Methane is main constituent of Natur...

Topic  Wildlife resources and conservation   Prelims   Himalayan vulture is also known as Himalayan griffon vulture.  It is a threatened species of International Union for conservation of nature (IUCN) It is Protected in India under the Schedule 1 of the Wildlife protection act 1972    It is the largest and the heaviest bird found in the Himalayas ; Himalayan vulture's weight are around 14 -15 kg; It is found at 3000 meters height and above in the Himalayas; They can carry and fly away more than 3 times of its own weight and can also kill for its prey; Himalayan vulture is native to the Himalayas and adjoining Tibetan plateau Recently, it is seen at Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand in India 

Topic-                            Regional Grouping and agreement                                    Prelims                                                             GS2 mains 16th East Asia Summit The East Asia Summit is the premier leaders-led forum in the Indo-Pacific and was came in existence in 2005. Since its inception in 2005, it has played a significant role in strategic and geopolitical evolution of East Asia and once a year annul summit is being held. Member countries:  Apart from 10 ASEAN member states  East Asia includes India, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the US , Republic of Korea and Russia. 10 ASEAN( Association of South East Asian Nation)...

Topic        biodiversity conservation   Forest resources and their conservation   CAMPA scheme  Compensatory Afforestation scheme is a central scheme launched in 2018 with aims: To conserve various aromatic species  To create awareness  Promoting research  Linking livelihoods  Aromatic Garden at Lalkuan In Nainital district Uttarakhand has been selected for Garden . Features of Aromatic Garden: Tulsi Vatika: This aromatic Garden has a Tulsi vatika, which contains more than 20 species of Tulsi including, Ram Tulsi, Shyam Tulsi, Van Tulsi, Kapoor Tulsi as well as African Tulsi, Italian and Thailand Tulsi  Aromatic leaves : it compromising  Lemon balm Rosemary  Kapoor  Various mint species  Aromatic Flowers:such as Chameli  Mogra  Rajni Gandhi Kenda Aromatic trees: Chandan  Neem Chameli  Naglingam Parijat  Aromatic Rhizomes: Amma Haldia Kali haldi Aromatic Seeds: Kasturi bhindi  ...

Topic                                 Science and technology                                                              Prelims                              In Vitro Fertilisation IVF stands for the in vitro fertilisation which is an assistant reproductive technology(ART). IVF is the process of fertilisation by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining eggs and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo is then transferred to the uterus. There are five basic steps in IVF and embryo transformation  Fertility Medication / ovaries Stimulation: for IVF there are need of more eggs but commonly in a month ovary generate one egg so that there i...

Topic  Wildlife     ecotourism   prelims           GS3 mains       Geograpgy of India   DUDHAWA TIGER RESERVE ( DTR) Dudhawa Tiger Reserve is an ecotourism place and is situated in the Lakhimpur district of Uttar Pradesh State of India, in the region of Terai of The Himalayas that spread over an area of 227 square kilometer. It opens every years in  the month of November. Dudhawa national park has  around:  Fauna  ( Wildlife animals):  105 Royal Bengal Tigers;  42 one-horned rhinoceros : it is protected under the wild life ( protection ) act 1972 in the section of Mammals; 400 avian species; 5 species of deer - Swamp deer or Barasingha : it is state animal of Uttar Pradesh which has 12 number antlers including branched, lives mostly on Marsh land and belongs to the Schedule 1, in Mammals  of the Wildlife act 1972. Sambhar : the largest Indian deer has six pointed antlers. It belong...

Topic                   Wetland in India          water conservation     wildlife conservation                                                              prelims         GS3 mains POWAI LAKE  The state  forest department of Maharastra has announced the POWAI LAKE in Mumbai as wetland in line with the Bombay high court and the Supreme Court  to conserve it. The forest department which is entrusted with the conservation of wetlands, has confirmed on record for the first time that Powai Lake is indeed a wetland and needs to be protected. it is an artificial lake was made for the purpose of drinking water supply during British era. According to the National Wetland Atlas of the Supreme Court, Powai Lake is an importan...

Topic       security challenges and their management in border areas             internal security GS mains 3                 prelims SELA TUNNEL The Sela Tunnel is part of the Balipara-Chardaur-Tawang road, one of the key strategic projects near the Chinese border. Location: It is located  at Nuranang in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Security Challanges:  Winter connectivity to Tawang over the 14000-foot pass, posed a logistic challenge for the army for decades, with the movement of men, weapons, and stores severely affected. All weather connectivity in this sector is critical for security purposes. Intrusion and aggressiveness of Chinese Army. Features: The Sela Tunnel, a Rs. 700 -crore project was announced in 2018, is the longest twin ( two) lane tunnel above 13000 feet in the world. The Sela project is being completed by the Border Road Organisation. It is using Australian t...

 Topic.        Science and technology        Indigenisation  of technology  and developing new technology                              Prelims         Hypersonic Missile Technology     internal security    Hypersonic Missile and Ballistic Missile  It can fly at more than five times the speed of sound. It can deliver a nuclear warhead like ballistic missile  Hypersonic missile flies on a trajectory low in the atmosphere, potentially reaching a target more quickly while a ballistic missile fly high into the space in an arc to reach their target. A Hypersonic missile is manoeuvrable making it harder to track and defend against.  Note  The US, Russia and China possess most advance Hypersonic missile  Australia, India Japan, France and Germany are developing Hypersonic missile technology. Along with...

There is no commercial variety of GM rice in India.  In fact the commercial GM cultivation of rice is banned in India, so ther is no question of export of GM rice from India to Europe. India is exporting strictly non GM rice to world.

Tsugaru Stait  This strait separate Japan's main land island and its northern island of Hokkaido   This strait separate the sea of Japan (east sea) from the Pacific.  The strait is regarded as international waters. Why is in News? Russia and China held a naval drill in the sea of Japan as a part of naval cooperation between the two countries from October 14th to 19th involving warships and support vessels fro Russia's Pacific fleet. A group of ten naval vessels from China and Russia sailed through this strait. Japan's ties with China have long been plagued by conflicting claims over a group of tiny east China sea islets. 

  Topic-                  Indian Economy                      Prelims                  GS-3 paper   Mudra Bank Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency Bank was launched in 2015, to finance micro enterprises run buy self employed entrepreneurs about 5.75 crores people, as Prime Minister Mudra Yojana.  Micro units employed about 12 crore people while large industries provide jobs only to 1.25 crore people. So there is ample need to promote micro enterprises to sustain the employment and increase further support to women entrepreneurs.  There are 3 slabs for finance : under this scheme upto 10 lakh loans are available for enterprise. Interest rate are decided by the bank gives loans.  Shishu Mudra : loan upto 50K ( Rs.50,000) Kishore Mudra : from Rs 50 K to Rs. 5lakh Tarun Mudra :  Rs. 5 lakh to 10 lakh.

Topic          climate change and global warming                                                   Award         Prelims       Earthshot Prize   It is an environmental prize given by the London based Queen Elizabeth 2nd grandson prince William. This new annual awards  were created by the prince William " to reward efforts to save the planet in face of climate change and global warming." "William hopes it will help propel the fight against climate change." "A decade does not seem long but humankind has an outstanding record of being able to solve the unsolvable". "The actions we choose or choose not to take in the next 10 years will determine the fate of the planet for the next thousand." "The future is ours to determine. And if we set our minds to it, nothing is impossible". Five internatio...

  Topic      Role of Moral thinker                    GS4 main             prelims   " Hate the sin and not the sinner" - Gandhi ji Indian Opinion It was a journal proposed by the Sjt.Madanjit and approved by the MAHATMA GANDHI to start at Durban  in South Africa.  It was launched in 1904. Sjt.Mansukhlal Naazar became the first editor of this journal. The second editor became Gandhi ji after Mansukhlal when not carried it on. This journal was published in languages of Gujarati,  Hindi, Tamil and English.  It became weekly published.   This shaped the ideas of Satyagrah in South Africa and spread greatly and served betterly.  In the first month of Indian opinion, Gandhi ji realized the sole aim of journal to be service. It was being published during prison of Gandhi ji after the Satyagrah in 1914 even after 10 years of publishing started in 1904 i...

Topic-    wildlife conservation   Flora and fauna     wildlife resources   Prelims   GS1 mains   Geography of India   Issues related to wildlife : there are few things that poses life threats to wildlife.  Illegal mining  Illegal construction  Illegal deforestation  Animal trafficking  Poaching of wildlife  Electrocution to protect crops from animal posing life threats  Man animal conflict  Territory conflict amongst animal  Chief wildlife warden The act states that ' chief wildlife warden of the state, if he is satisfied that any wild animal specified in schedule 1 has become dangerous to human life or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, by order in writing and stating the reason, therefore, permit any person to hunt such animal or cause such animal to be hunted.' Chief wildlife warden,  through the invocation of clause 11 (1) of the wildlife protection act 1972, can declare ...